The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
Woman Marks 100th Birthday Solo Until Man from Her Past, Unseen for 60 Years, Shows Up at Her Door
On her 100th birthday, Miranda found herself alone, having outlived all her friends and loved ones. As she prepared to blow out the candles on her birthday cake, a surprise visitor arrived, someone she hadn’t seen in six decades.
Miranda sat quietly at her kitchen table, reflecting on a life filled with historical changes and personal achievements. She had chosen her nursing career over marriage and children, and though some had predicted she would regret it, she felt at peace with her choices. Her life had been full, and while loneliness touched her from time to time, she was content.
On this particular birthday, the solitude felt especially poignant. She reminisced about past celebrations and the joy they brought. But her introspection was interrupted by the sound of the doorbell. Startled, she shuffled to answer it, wondering who could be visiting.
To her surprise, a man in his 60s or 70s stood at her doorstep, looking at her with a familiar yet distant smile. He introduced himself as Adrian Miller, a name that sparked distant memories for Miranda.
Adrian revealed that he had been one of her patients many years ago, a young boy battling cancer. Despite the dire prognosis at the time, Miranda and her team had provided hope and care, and Adrian had made a miraculous recovery. Over the years, Miranda had kept in touch with his family, but they had lost contact after moving away.
Seeing Adrian now, all grown up, was a profound moment for Miranda. The encounter filled her with a deep sense of joy. They spent hours reminiscing and catching up, with Adrian showing her pictures of his life, his family, travels, and achievements.
Miranda felt overwhelmed with happiness, realizing that the impact of her work had not only touched lives but had also come full circle with this unexpected reunion. The birthday that had started in solitude ended with a meaningful connection, reminding her of the lasting effect of compassion and care.
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